Bloodlands

Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin by Timothy Snyder, Basic Books, 2012. 

Where 

Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Western Russia. 

When 

1933-1945. Number of Civilian’s Killed by Soviets and Nazis: 14 million. 

Holodomor 

• Holodomor: 3 million Ukrainian peasants killed by Stalin by sending in the Red Army to steal their grain harvests

Stalin’s Great Terror 

• 380,000 prosperous Ukrainian peasants (kulaks) executed by the NKVD, because of their economic class

• 100,000 Poles living in the Soviet Union executed by the NKVD, because of their nationality

• 16,000 Latvians living in the Soviet Union executed by the NKVD, because of their nationality

• 8,000 Estonians living in the Soviet Union executed by the NKVD, because of their nationality

• 20,000 Mongolians living in Mongolia executed by Mongolian officials, under Soviet pressure

Soviets Invasion of Poland and the Baltics 

• 20,000 Polish military officers killed by NKVD at the Katyn Forest near Smolensk, and elsewhere

• 140,000 Polish citizens deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia

• 17,000 Lithuanian citizens deported

• 17,000 Latvian citizens deported

• 6,000 Estonian citizens deported

Nazi Invasion of Soviet Union 

• 300,000 Belarusians killed by Nazis in reprisals for partisan actions

Holocaust

• About two and a half million Jews were killed east of the Molotov-Ribbentrop line, mainly by gunshot but also by carbon monoxide vans

• 1,600,000 Jews killed by carbon monoxide at Treblinka, Chełmo, Bełżec, Majdanek and Sobibór Nazi death camps

• 900,000 Jews killed by cyanide at Auschwitz-Birkenau

• 300,000 Jews killed by Rumanians 

• 33,000 Jews killed at Babi Yar, outside of Kiev

• 60,000 Jews killed by Nazis in Warsaw Ghetto during 1940-1941

Non-Jews Killed by the Nazis 

• 70,000 German people with mental and physical disabilities euthanized

• 74,000 non-Jewish Poles killed by cyanide at Auschwitz-Birkenau

• 15,000 Soviet POWs killed by cyanide at Auschwitz-Birkenau

• 50,000 non-Jewish educated Polish civilians killed by the Einsatzgruppen because they were potential resistance leaders

• 500,000 captured Soviet soldiers (POWs) were shot 

• 2,600,000 captured Soviet soldiers (POWs) were killed by starvation and other mistreatment 

• 1,000,000 Soviet civilians died during the Nazi siege of Leningrad from starvation and disease

• 200,000 Roma and Sinti (Gypsies) were killed by Nazis 

• 100,000 Poles were killed by Nazis in the August 1944 Warsaw Uprising

Soviet Deportations During World War II 

• 900,000 Soviet ethnic Germans were deported

• 89,000 Soviet Finns were deported

• 11,000 Soviet Estonians were deported

• 170,000 Soviet Koreans were deported to Kazakhstan

• 69,000 residents of Ukraine, mostly ethnic Poles, were deported to Kazakhstan 

• 69,000 Karachai deported from Caucasus to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

• 91,000 Kalmyks deported from Caucasus to Siberia

• 37,000 Balkars deported from Caucasus to Kazakhstan

• 180,000 Tartars deported from Crimea to Uzbekistan

• 91,000 Meshketian Turks deported from Soviet Georgia

Ethnic Cleansing After World War II 

• 80,000 Lithuanians deported by the Soviets

• 42,000 Latvians deported by the Soviets

• 11,000 Estonians deported by the Soviets

• 182,000 Ukrainians were deported to the Gulag under suspicion of being Ukrainian nationalists

• 400,000 ethnic Germans died when expelled from Poland

• 200,000 ethnic Germans died when expelled from Czechoslovakia